Economics for the Common Good

书名:Economics for the Common Good
作者:JeanTirole
译者:StevenRendall
ISBN:9780691175164
出版社:PrincetonUniversityPress
出版时间:2017-7-11
格式:epub/mobi/azw3/pdf
页数:584
豆瓣评分: 9.5

书籍简介:

From Nobel Prize–winning economist Jean Tirole, a bold new agenda for the role of economics in society When Jean Tirole won the 2014 Nobel Prize in Economics, he suddenly found himself being stopped in the street by complete strangers and asked to comment on issues of the day, no matter how distant from his own areas of research. His transformation from academic economist to public intellectual prompted him to reflect further on the role economists and their discipline play in society. The result is Economics for the Common Good, a passionate manifesto for a world in which economics, far from being a "dismal science," is a positive force for the common good. Economists are rewarded for writing technical papers in scholarly journals, not joining in public debates. But Tirole says we urgently need economists to engage with the many challenges facing society, helping to identify our key objectives and the tools needed to meet them. To show how economics can help us realize the common good, Tirole shares his insights on a broad array of questions affecting our everyday lives and the future of our society, including global warming, unemployment, the post-2008 global financial order, the euro crisis, the digital revolution, innovation, and the proper balance between the free market and regulation. Providing a rich account of how economics can benefit everyone, Economics for the Common Good sets a new agenda for the role of economics in society.

作者简介:

Jean Tirole, the winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Economics, has been described as one of the most influential economists of our time. He is chairman of the Toulouse School of Economics and of the Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse and a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His many books include The Theory of Corporate Finance and Financial Crises, Liquidity, and the International Monetary System (both Princeton).

书友短评:

@ 水月孤桥 Tirole的关于公共物品的一部著作,他可以说研究的领域涵盖面很广,而且颇有建树 @ Evelyn. tirole得书。。真是一如既往的难啃概。。 @ 小南瓜 跟Melissa聊天,结果互相买了对方最近正在看的书 @ 芳煙 本科时老师的书~ @ Evelyn. 8/10. 讲双边平台监管的部分最有趣最有启发。现在人人疯逼的英文主流舆论环境里,Tirole此书这种中间派技术官僚的视角在可预见的将来都会是被underrated的。 @ 芳煙 本科时老师的书~ @ what Tirole 对Economics的见解是我一直非常喜欢和支持的。经济学,是要选择原则上对的还是选择对社会真正有好处的选择? Should we choose the politically correct answer or choose the most efficient answer? 很喜欢Tirole,强力推荐👏🏻 @ 小南瓜 跟Melissa聊天,结果互相买了对方最近正在看的书

书籍目录

Acknowledgments xi
Introduction Whatever Happened to the Common Good? 1
Itinerary 5
The Relationship between Society and Economics 7
The Economist’s Profession 8
Institutions 10
A Window on Our World 11
The Common Thread 12
I Economics And Society
1 Do You Like Economics? 17
What Prevents Our Understanding Economics 17
The Market and Other Ways of Managing Scarcity 24
How to Make Economics Better Understood 29
2 The Moral Limits of the Market 33
The Moral Limits of the Market or Market Failure? 36
The Noncommercial and the Sacred 40
The Market, a Threat to Social Cohesion? 47
Inequality 50
II The Economist’s Profession
3 The Economist in Civil Society 65
The Economist as Public Intellectual 66
The Pitfalls of Involvement in Society 70
A Few Safeguards for an Essential Relationship 76
From Theory to Economic Policy 78
4 The Everyday Life of a Researcher 80
The Interplay between Theory and Empirical Evidence 80
The Microcosm of Academic Economics 91
Economists: Foxes or Hedgehogs? 101
The Role of Mathematics 104
Game Theory and Information Theory 109
An Economist at Work: Methodological Contributions 118
5 Economics on the Move 122
An Agent Who Is Not Always Rational: Homo psychologicus 123
Homo socialis 137
Homo incitatus: The Counterproductive Effects of Rewards 141
Homo juridicus: Law and Social Norms 147
More Unexpected Lines of Inquiry 149
III An Institutional Framework For The Economy
6 Toward a Modern State 155
The Market Has Many Defects That Must Be Corrected 157
The Complementarity between the Market and the State and the Foundations of Liberalism 160
Politicians or Technocrats? 163
Reforming the State: The Example of France 169
7 The Governance and Social Responsibility of Business 174
Many Possible Organizations … but Few Are Chosen 175
And What Is Business’s Social Responsibility? 185
IV The Great Macroeconomic Challenges
8 The Climate Challenge 195
What Is at Stake in Climate Change? 195
Reasons for the Standstill 199
Negotiations That Fall Short of the Stakes Involved 206
Making Everyone Accountable for GHG Emissions 213
Inequality and the Pricing of Carbon 222
The Credibility of an International Agreement 226
In Conclusion: Putting Negotiations Back on Track 228
9 Labor Market Challenges 231
The Labor Market in France 233
An Economic Analysis of Labor Contracts 242
Perverse Institutional Incentives 245
What Can Reform Achieve and How Can It Be Implemented Successfully? 251
The Other Great Debates about Employment 255
The Urgency 261
10 Europe at the Crossroads 265
The European Project: From Hope to Doubt 265
The Origins of the Euro Crisis 267
Greece: Much Bitterness on Both Sides 282
What Options Do the EU and the Eurozone Have Today? 289
11 What Use Is Finance? 296
What Use Is Finance? 296
How to Transform Useful Products into Toxic Products 298
Are Markets Efficient? 306
Why Regulate in Fact? 321
12 The Financial Crisis of 2008 326
The Financial Crisis 327
The New Postcrisis Environment 335
Who Is to Blame? Economists and the Prevention of Crises 350
V The Industrial Challenge
13 Competition Policy and Industrial Policy 355
What Is the Purpose of Competition? 357
Where Does Industrial Policy Fit In? 365
14 How Digitization Is Changing Everything 378
Platforms: Guardians of the Digital Economy 379
Two-Sided Markets 382
A Different Business Model: Platforms as Regulators 389
The Challenges Two-Sided Markets Pose for Competition Policy 392
15 Digital Economies: The Challenges for Society 401
Trust 402
· · · · · ·

  • 经济学中的互惠主义引发了这样一种假设:雇主可通过为潜在员工提供高于吸引他们所需的工资(即该岗位的市场工资)来增加利润,这是因为他们会对这种慷慨行为心怀感激,因而更加努力工作。这种办法看起来似乎行得通,但在印度某个茶叶种植园做的实验表明,这种激励效应非常短暂。将采茶者基本工资提高30%,同时下调可变绩效薪酬(以采茶量计),整体而言,无论采茶者采摘多少茶叶,其收入都增加了(但效率最低的员工的相对工资提高幅度最大)。根据传统经济学理论,与采茶量相关联的可变绩效报酬的减少会导致采茶者积极性降低,然而,实际情况却恰恰与之相反。与对照组相比,采茶者(其报酬与采茶量关联性弱,因此这些人的激励也弱)的生产率得到明显提高。但四个月后,理性经济人又回来了:传统经济学认为的激励越弱努力越少的观点又基本得到了证实。
    —— 引自章节:社会人(Homo Socialis)… …………………………
  • 立法者常常试图将新型就业方式纳入现有框架,并提出类似问题:优步司机是不是雇员?有些人会回答“是”,并认为优步司机不能自主定价,而且要满足培训、车辆类型或卫生等各种要求。部分优步司机的所有收入都来自优步(其他人可能还为其他出行平台工作,或者可能从事其他完全不同的工作,如在餐馆里工作)。最后,用户评价差的司机会被优步终止合作。但是,许多独立工作者一样面临各种各样的约束,比如出于保护集体声誉的考虑,他们要维护行业、品牌或葡萄酒产区的称号等,这样的约束会限制他们的选择自由。在许多国家,个体医生不能自行设定收费标准,收费必须遵循特定的规定,否则可能失去执业资格。即使是个体酿酒师,也必须遵守相关认证规则。其他人会认为,优步司机可自主决定他们的工作强度、工作地点、工作时间与去向。此外,他们还要承担经济风险。由此可见,优步司机(或其他类似平台的员工)的身份仍处于灰色地带,兼具独立承包商和工薪职员的特征。在我看来,这一争论毫无意义。任何分类都是人为划定的,而无论如何分类,人们都会根据个人的偏见给予正面或负面的解释。这场争论也忽略了我们对工作进行分类的初衷。我们已如此习惯现有框架,以至于竟然忘记了制定它的初衷是保障工人的利益。因此,重要的是要确保不同组织形式间的竞争中立,既不能偏向工薪职业,也不能偏向独立工作。政府应当为各种组织形式提供公平竞争的环境,而不能因为不熟悉数字平台或数字平台具有颠覆性就采取可能导致数字平台难以为继的政策。如果是劳动力市场出现问题,就应该通过政策干预加以解决,而不能“钦定”某种具体的劳动组织形式。
    —— 引自章节:21世纪的新型就业形式… ……………………………………………
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